Pros and Cons of Assessments free essay sample

Advantages and disadvantages of Assessment Assessments are a regular event in homerooms around the globe. There are a wide range of kinds of appraisals, which for the most part fall into formal and casual. There are focal points and inconveniences to both. The significant significance is choosing the correct evaluation. It is dependent upon the educator to choose what data is required and how that data is gathered. Formal Assessments Formal evaluations are a method of watching and recording data in an exceptionally organized way. It ordinarily requires a lot of readiness and preparing. There are a wide range of types of formal evaluations to browse. Two models are gauges based test and national standard referenced test. Gauges Based Test Standards based test are utilized to quantify students’ and schools’ progress in arriving at guidelines set forth by the state. Numerous understudies step through a different decision examination, towards the finish of the school year, which evaluates numerous things, including understanding cognizance and syntax. We will compose a custom exposition test on Advantages and disadvantages of Assessments or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page One of the positive focal points of this kind of evaluation is the responsibility factor. All instructors must make a satisfactory endeavor to train the data required for the understudies to show achievement. Measures are normally accommodated each evaluation level, so understudies recognize what they have to realize for the next year. Understudies and schools are additionally ready to measure their advancement with different schools all through the nation. Gauges based tests are known for their unwavering quality. There is almost no space for blunder and has a normalized evaluating framework. The gauges based tests protect that educational program for that evaluation level is being instructed, regardless of where the test is given in the nation. Presently with this being stated, a detriment to this test is that low financial status isn't mulled over. Another impediment is that instructors are not ‘allowed’ to educate to the test. Anyway instructors feel that they have to concentrate on setting up the understudies for the test since it has such high stakes. This need to set up the understudies for the test shields the educators from showing the genuine stuff’. As indicated by Center of Assessment and Evaluation of Student Learning (CAESL), â€Å"Testing in our nation’s schools is on the rise†¦the pressure for training to be â€Å"accountable† has increased (2004). The test is high marked and its pressure doesn't permit the understudies to issue illuminate or think outside about the container. At long last, it doesn't really speak to whether the understudies have completely gotten a handle on the ideas. National Norm-Referenced Test National Norm-Referenced tests are utilized to measure the learning of essential abilities. This normally happens at various spans all through the school year. These tests are still exceptionally organized and scripted; anyway not at all like the gauges based test it is fast. They are given in a similar organization each time, so the understudies comprehend what is anticipated from them. Prompt outcomes are open. This tells the educator whether that understudy is on grade level. In the event that the understudy isn't on grade level, the standard referenced tests assists with guaranteeing the correct mediations are actualized to get the understudy where they should be. A couple drawbacks to standard referenced tests are it is coordinated and there are no facilities permitted. A few understudies, including myself, don't do well with coordinated tests; it squeezes an effectively unpleasant circumstance. There are times when understudies need assistance understanding the configuration and when following the content gave, this isn't permitted. While having a content is useful for overseeing the appraisal, it doesn't take into account understudy dissatisfactions. Casual Assessments While formal evaluations are consistently in the brains of educators while planning exercises, casual appraisals are utilized, on an everyday premise. Casual evaluations are a method of watching, estimating, and recording information with much less structure. With casual evaluations, they are less information driven and permit the spotlight to be more on substance and cognizance. Casual appraisals are commonly instructor created. Casual appraisals could be as straightforward as perceptions and conferencing to somewhat more detail like in agendas. â€Å"Informal developmental evaluation can occur in any understudy educator interaction† (Ruiz-Primo amp; Furtak, 2004). Commonly casual appraisals don't include a great deal of earlier arrangements. Some casual appraisals that I for one use consistently are agendas, perception, portfolios and clickers: Checklists The one that I utilize most as often as possible are agendas. I use agendas for each subject at each point in the school day. In a specialized curriculum class with various staff individuals, it tends to be hard to guarantee that information is being gathered completely. In our homeroom, we use agendas to follow practices, to guarantee that understudies are meeting their IEP objectives, information on their sight words, that they are finishing their work, and to wrap things up are the understudies getting a handle on the idea that is being instructed. The briskness and ease to utilize the agendas are a significant bit of leeway. Another favorable position is that educators can have results rapidly. With these fast outcomes, instructors can address the issues being watched quickly. A burden is that various individuals may decipher the agendas in various manners. This can prompt disarray on what necessities to really be tended to. Another detriment is that with specific zones to look for, different regions may be disregarded. Perceptions Observations are probably the simplest structure casual evaluations. Perceptions should be possible whenever and anyplace. They are fast and simple. They help to measure understudy commitment and whether they are getting a handle on the idea being instructed. Educators can utilize perceptions to help know whether they have to change the exercise since it is excessively simple or excessively hard. This can prompt platform. Another bit of leeway is that they give moment criticism. Perceptions are extraordinary when understudies are working in gatherings or freely. An impediment is that understudies are in some cases mindful of being watched and can hold on to display practices when the teacher’s consideration is coordinated somewhere else. This prompts the perceptions being to some degree questionable. Another impediment is inclination. No one needs to let it be known, however certain understudies can simply pull the teacher’s regard for them. This restricts the perceptions of the study hall to only a couple. Some of the time understudies are experiencing difficulty with an idea however don't have a clue how to ask or acknowledge help fittingly. This prompts practices, which at that point prompts the entire class’s picking up being upset. Clickers are an intuitive instructive gadget that is extraordinary to use these days of innovation, to change of the dull of appraisals. Clickers are extraordinary to use to guarantee cooperation by all understudies. It is a game arrangement which look students’ interests. Educators have moment information for what themes are practiced and which subjects need further extension upon. This is likewise extraordinary for the bashful understudies. Each understudy is unknown since they have a number not their name. While this is extraordinary for the timid understudies, the drawback of the numbers is that when somebody has not replied, understudies begin glancing around and in the end they make sense of who has what number. Likewise, even with numbers understudies feel raced to answer since they see others around them have replied. This prompts the speculating factor. The biggest drawback for clickers is the expense. Numerous areas don't have the spending plan to buy the innovation gadgets. Portfolios â€Å"can be utilized as a real appraisal apparatus in the study hall, or as a technique to feature your [students’] accomplishments† (Pearson, 2013). It is an extraordinary method to show students’ work consistently. The significant points of interest for portfolios are that it permits demonstrating development and shows qualities and shortcomings. It is additionally permits understudy instructor trade, if the understudies are associated with the determination of the work being shown. A few impediments are that portfolios can be tedious, it can space devouring, and can be somewhat of a migraine to guarantee that the understudies are gathering work. On the off chance that they don't gather the work, at that point there won't be anything to appear. It is significant that the educator sets away from of desires and reminds the understudies consistently. There are a wide range of approaches to evaluate understudies. We, as instructors, survey day by day whether it is officially or casually. It is basic that we initially choose what we need to survey and afterward pick the best possible approach to record the information that we are gathering. Focal point of Assessment and Evaluation of Students Learning. (2004). What guardians should think about test types. Recovered on March 3,2013 from http://www. caesl. organization/briefs/Brief1. pdf Pearson Education. (2013). Portfolios. Recovered on March 13, 2013 from http://www. teachervision. fen. com/evaluation/instructing techniques/20153. html Ruiz-Primo, M. A. , amp; Furtak, E. M. (2004, April). Casual developmental evaluation of understudies comprehension of logical request. Paper introduced at the AERA Annual Meeting Symposium, Assessment for Reform-Based Science Teaching amp; Learning, Stanford University, Stanford.

Construction op analysis R5 (reading articles) Article

Development operation investigation R5 (understanding articles) - Article Example Similar principles of information assortment systems must be kept up for both essential and auxiliary techniques for information assortment. A trade off on the guidelines will prompt misdirecting information and henceforth information ought not be †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦worshipped or taken to be completely evident. Answer: Data is fundamental for legitimacy of research. Essential, auxiliary, and great information are on the whole wellsprings of information utilized in research and viewed as evident. The test of the information gathered relies upon the methods of information assortment. The strategies influence the course of research paying little heed to the impact of the analysts on the information. Similar guidelines of information assortment systems must be kept up for both essential and optional techniques for information assortment. A trade off on the guidelines will prompt deceiving information and subsequently information ought not be taken to be completely evident. Garza Jesus, Pinero, Juan and Ozbek, Mehmet. Testing Procedure for Performance-Based Road Maintenance Evaluations. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2044. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington D.C. 2008. Print. Pp. 11-18. Redman, Thomas. Information: An Unfolding Quality Disaster, DM Review Magazine, Data Management Review and Source Media Inc., Aug. 2004. Web. 17 Feb.

Gender Inequality In The Labour Market

Sexual orientation Inequality In The Labor Market Sex is the thing that separates people naturally, in particular it depicts the physical characteristics which get from varieties in chromosomes, hormones and genitalia. Sexual orientation alludes to a lot of socially characterized qualities which decide societys perspective on individuals as manly or female. Sociologists have since quite a while ago bantered over the reasons for unreasonable sexual divisions of work. Some have sent organic clarifications, while others consider capable the socialization of sex jobs. In this article I will take a gander at how the nineteenth century socialization of sex jobs is accepted to have influenced womens position in the work showcase. I will at that point consider the expanding feminisation of the work market and look to clarify the tenacious imbalances among people. Be that as it may, since the mid-twentieth century there has been an expanding feminisation of the workforce. As indicated by Ulrich Beck, ladies are establishing the tone for change (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 647). In Becks see, we are moving into the subsequent innovation (as against post advancement). He contends that in our general public, portrayed by hazard and vulnerability, ladies have understood the significance of confidence and have tried to extend their investment in the work showcase and accordingly have changed the social talk. This has been made conceivable by various elements. The expanded prospects of instruction, the improvement of household machines, the developing propensity for littler families, the Feminist Movement of the 1970s, the consistent extension of the administration business, the expansion in living expenses and the resulting requirement for two earnings are on the whole factors which have created a move in conventional family designs and fundamentally changed the sexual orientation division of work. A UK Labor Force study directed in 2005 recommends that the paces of work for ladies of working age have ascended to 70% in 2004 contrasted with 56% in 1971. Interestingly, work rates for men have declined from 92% to 79% (Giddens, 2006, 755). In spite of womens expanded investment in the work advertise, obstructions to equity remain. Albeit 75% of ladies of working age are in work in the UK, it has been demonstrated that in high-procuring, high-status callings they are seriously under-spoke to (www.employment-studies.co.uk). 2005 illustrated, as far as vertical isolation, that 83% of CEOs, 71% of project supervisors and 70% of the board advisors were men, while 96% of supper women, 95% of receptionists and 76% of cleaners were ladies (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 124). Various reasons are considered liable for such disparity. One contention is that occupations are exceptionally gendered, with an inclination for high-status, high-paid employments to be male-overwhelmed in light of the fact that they have generally been seen as manly. Radical women's activist Sylvia Walby claims ladies are oppressed by male centric qualities that segregate and bind them to explicit territories of work (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 113). In addition to the fact that women are under-spoken to at the most significant levels of the word related structure, they have similarly not accomplished correspondence of pay, in spite of liberal women's activists achievement in battling for equivalent compensation enactment. The pay hole was once thought to be narrowing, be that as it may, new figures propose that the compensation separate is as yet a matter of concern today. As per the Office for National Statistics, the cover hole among people time work has expanded to 17.1% since 2007 (The Guardian,15/11/08). The middle full-time net week by week income every week for men in 2007 were  £498, while for ladies they remained at  £395. In 2008 they remain at  £521 for men and  £412 for ladies. It has been determined that over a lifetime, ladies working all day will gain a normal of  £369.000 not exactly their male associates. This outcome, as indicated by the yearly review directed by the World Economic Forum, places Brita in 81st on the planet positioning as far as equivalent compensation for people in comparative employments (The Guardian,15/11/08). Some portion of the explanation would seem, by all accounts, to be a direct result of flat isolation. A great part of the female workforce is grouped into a scope of semi-gifted, low-status and inadequately paid occupations. Over the word related structure, men prevail in such professions as assembling, development, IT and business enterprises. On the other hand, ladies are overwhelmingly spoken to in wellbeing and social work, instructing, cooking and cleaning (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 123). Women's activists, hence, consider this to be an impression of the two circles belief system. 2005 illustrated, regarding flat isolation, that 79% of social specialists and 73% of educators were ladies. Around the same time, 90% of the development business and 76% of individuals working in transport were men (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 123). What's more, the way that numerous ladies work in the low maintenance segment can be a piece of the explanation behind the poor degrees of pay they are depend ent upon. Word related isolation has been utilized to clarify such high convergence of ladies in low maintenance work. In spite of the disservices it includes, low maintenance work appears to stay a well known decision for ladies. In 2004, 5.2 million ladies in the UK were in low maintenance business, contrasted with 1.2 million men (Giddens, 2006, 757). Social powers, for example, constrained childcare help and sex segregation have likewise been considered answerable for such huge quantities of ladies in low maintenance work. Numerous ladies looking for all day work frequently face uncalled for obstacles which men don't experience: a Fawcett Society study (the main liberal women's activist association) uncovers that 52% of businesses think about the odds of another individual from staff getting pregnant before utilizing them (www.fawcettsociety.org.uk). Notwithstanding, while it is conceivable this may debilitate numerous ladies who plan to have youngsters from searching for all day work, thi s isn't on its own adequate motivation to clarify such a substantial flood in the low maintenance segment. Catherine Hakims inclination hypothesis proposes that womens position in the work advertise relies altogether upon the balanced decisions they make (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 125). Hakim recognizes two kinds of ladies: the individuals who invest in full-time professions or the individuals who organize their residential duties. As indicated by Hakim, numerous ladies have distinctive work directions than men, driving them to pick low maintenance occupations which empower them to adjust their household and expert lives. Rosemary Crompton and Fiona Harris concur that womens position in the work advertise is affected by their choices. They contend, be that as it may, that the decisions ladies make are not constantly sound, yet are the aftereffects of the down to earth difficulties and social standards they may confront. Crompton and Harris accept that ladies regularly start a profession focused on all day business and the family circle in equivalent measure, yet in later life may need to b argain either for an assortment of reasons. There is, thusly, a significant discussion between women's activists. Extra speculations have been pushed by sociologists to clarify womens proceeded with impediments in the activity advertise. Talcott Parsons functionalist human capital hypothesis recommends that womens normal job is that of childcare. The hypothesis infers that ladies are likely not to focus on a vocation or picking up capabilities, liking to devote themselves to their kids (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 125). As indicated by Parsons, this absence of duty or abilities renders ladies less significant to the business, and is eventually the purpose behind womens impeded situation in the work advertise. Nonetheless, pundits of the hypothesis call attention to that it doesn't represent the huge number of ladies who devote themselves to a profession and still end up in lower-paid, lower-status occupations (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 125). Barron and Norriss double work showcase hypothesis advances the possibility of two work advertises: an essential part wherein experts and talented specialists have a place, described by generously compensated and secure occupations, and an auxiliary segment, comprising in modest paid, less secure employments for the most part involved by untalented workers. As indicated by Barron and Norris, ladies are almost certain than men to work in this part since they are less keen on wages or status, a view which echoes that of Hakim. Progress from the auxiliary to the essential division is uncommon, finishing off with imprisonment inside a scope of low-paid occupations for ones whole working life. The hypothesis is condemned by women's activists for not having the option to clarify why talented ladies frequently win not as much as men in comparative work, or why they get advanced less regularly than men in a similar activity (HaralambosHolborn, 2008, 126). In the previous century, ladies have made a progressive rising in the work showcase regardless of whether many work in the low maintenance area. Be that as it may, the pace of progress appears to have slowed down instead of developed. In spite of enactment, for example, the Equal Pay Act (1970) and the Sex Discrimination Act (1975), tremendous disparities stay in Britain, particularly as far as pay and status. It likely could be that progressively extreme changes should be made. In Norway, for instance, many ladies have profited by another demonstration, went in 2003, which specifies that organizations must expand the quantity of ladies on their sheets to 44.%. This currently implies Norway heads the association table for sexual orientation balance, 12 places over the UK (The Guardian, 17/11/08). This recommends post-women's activists are mixed up in accepting there is no more for women's activists to do. A third influx of woman's rights, as recommended by Katherine Rake, or new wome n's liberation, to utilize Natasha Walters term, might be correctly what is required.

Color of Water Essay Topics

<h1>Color of Water Essay Topics</h1><p>There are numerous shades of water exposition subjects that you can compose on to your school paper. This is a theme that has gotten exceptionally famous as of late. So you should think about it and in the event that you need to find out about the theme, read this article.</p><p></p><p>The shade of water exposition subjects are extremely well known in light of the fact that they urge you to consider probably the most significant things that you would discover in a school paper. This implies you are relied upon to introduce yourself as a scholarly and imaginative individual. By introducing yourself thusly, you will have the option to take full advantage of your essay.</p><p></p><p>One thing that you have to know is that the shade of water article themes don't imply that you have to expound on something that every other person probably won't know. They essentially imply that you hav e to have an increasingly one of a kind point of view regarding the matter. This is the reason numerous understudies think that its simpler to expound on points that are disputable. This allows them to discuss things that the vast majority would prefer not to talk about.</p><p></p><p>To assist you with studying the point, here are a few hints on composing water expositions. To begin with, ensure that you tell a great deal of individual data in your exposition. Inform yourself regarding your preferences, your profession objectives, your family foundation, thus on.</p><p></p><p>You may even need to do a little examination into the theme that you are keen on before you begin composing. You can generally observe what is out there on the web about it. On the off chance that you know some other fascinating realities about the subject, you can make reference to them in your exposition. It will make it additionally fascinating to read.</p&g t;<p></p><p>In request to make your article all the more intriguing, attempt to incorporate a couple of shade of water exposition points in your paper. You can discuss your own encounters or you can discuss your comprehension of the subject. You can likewise discuss your own convictions about the subject and even discussion about how you relate the point to your own life.</p><p></p><p>Color of water article themes will make your paper additionally intriguing. Additionally, you have to discover a point that you truly like and that is pertinent to you. This will make it all the more fascinating to peruse and that will likewise assist you with communicating your own perspectives on the topic.</p>

Format for a College Essay

<h1>Format for a College Essay</h1><p>There are three primary organizations for a school paper. To begin with, the undergrad is required to build up a subject. The subject of the article can be anything; it tends to be one's job as a pioneer, something that the individual has picked up by doing extra-curricular exercises, for example, chipping in at a young organization.</p><p></p><p>This is the topic that undergrads ought to consistently remember, when composing their own exposition. In light of this, an understudy should begin to figure a thought of what they need to state. The fundamental goal of this school article is to address the inquiry, 'What is your conclusion about this point?' at the end of the day, the objective of the school paper is to build up a solid supposition regarding a matter that the undergrad is studying.</p><p></p><p>As referenced, the understudy ought to set up the topic before the genuine com position. After the subject is chosen, the understudy must think of the substance of the exposition. It is ideal to have the understudy conceptualize and expound on a point that intrigues the person in question. In any case, once more, you might need to mull over composing your own article. You might need to allude to a school book, or even utilize the assistance of a professional writer, when you need to do this.</p><p></p><p>Next, an understudy must think of a title for their exposition. This is frequently alluded to as the prologue to the exposition. In any case, the title will just have pertinence to the genuine substance of the paper. This implies the title might be somewhat long, yet it won't be excessively protracted. An understudy might need to go with a title that identifies with the subject of the paper, while as yet making it short and concise.</p><p></p><p>As an undergrad, you should realize that there is nothing of the sor t as the ideal title. The best thought is pick a title that will get the consideration of your peruser. A title that is short and doesn't get the peruser to stop and read the whole exposition isn't very appealing.</p><p></p><p>Another position for a school article is to initially characterize the subject of the paper. After the definition is done, the undergrad should then sort out the subject of the article. The coordinator is where the understudy will substance out the subtleties of the theme that was characterized in the title.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, when composing a school paper, an undergrad should utilize all the instruments available to them. For instance, the person ought to consistently utilize references that identify with the subject of the exposition. A reference ought to likewise consistently be presented at the absolute starting point of the essay.</p><p></p><p>Finally, a school article is a work of art. On the off chance that you set aside some effort to rehearse the correct organization for a school article, it will turn out to be natural to you.</p>

How Do You Make Sure You Succeed in College Compositon Modular Exams?

<h1>How Do You Make Sure You Succeed in College Compositon Modular Exams?</h1><p>A school sythesis course is an altogether unique brute from a college class. This is a course you take at school and which has been intended to surrender you the most to date information on the best way to manage explicit circumstances as they emerge in the work place. The topic of this course isn't excessively down to earth or hypothetical but instead handy and hypothetical in the privilege amounts.</p><p></p><p>It is just through accomplishing passing marks in this course will get you into your picked college's rankings. A course, for example, this can assist you with verifying you get into a college and this can be worth very much of cash. There are numerous things that must be accomplished so as to do this and it is these very things that make this course so fascinating and unique.</p><p></p><p>One of the main things that an understudy must accomplish so as to accomplish this is the school compositon particular test. In the event that you don't accomplish this effectively, at that point you can't ever would like to learn at that college and in the event that you do, at that point you will always be unable to learn at that college. One of the primary elements which will guarantee this isn't accomplished is an absence of exertion. A straightforward absence of exertion and inspiration will consistently affect your capacity to accomplish this so be certain you have the desire and drive that are required.</p><p></p><p>Another thing you have to attempt to accomplish so as to accomplish your school compositon secluded test is to be readied. You should be completely mindful of what you have to do so as to read for the test and you likewise need to comprehend the most ideal arrangement methods. You would prefer not to begin with an off-base thought regarding what to do or how to get ready for the e xam.</p><p></p><p>One of the primary things that you have to attempt to accomplish so as to get to the school compositon secluded test effectively is a full comprehension of what you have to consider. This implies you should comprehend the subjects, which are essential to study, and which are not imperative to study and which are vital.</p><p></p><p>The next thing you should accomplish so as to traverse your school compositon secluded test effectively is to get to grasps with the materials you are examining. This implies you should get to grasps with the hypothesis which frames the premise of the material you will be studying.</p><p></p><p>When you begin getting ready for your school compositon secluded test you have to make a rundown of the considerable number of things you have to do. Make certain to incorporate a rundown of things that ought to be left to your own drive. This implies you have to guarantee tha t you don't exhaust yourself and this will permit you to learn at your own pace and get past the curriculum.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you have to consider what you will do in the event that you bomb your school compositon particular test. The exact opposite thing you need is the experience of not having the option to get into your ideal college and you have to take all the assist you with canning get.</p>

Essay Sample: Writing Your Essay Using Excellent Essay Samples

<h1>Essay Sample: Writing Your Essay Using Excellent Essay Samples</h1><p>If you are composing a school arrangement, you will find that they have a wide assortment of exposition tests and tips to help you along. This is particularly evident on the off chance that you are taking distinctions or AP course that should be very nitty gritty and very long.</p><p></p><p>If you were to attempt to compose a proposal on a particular theme that is excessively long, you would not have the option to follow the correct examination important to help your hypothesis. Rather, you would get yourself simply discarding a great part of the data that you as of now have on your specific topic.</p><p></p><p>There are numerous authors that vibe that they would do fine and dandy on the off chance that they just took their primary concerns and supported them up with enough proof to demonstrate their particular subject. In any case, the issue is that they don't get enough evidence on how this works.</p><p></p><p>For model, when you do a center gathering of representatives that are required to go to an organization meeting. One approach to guarantee that they can get the real factors that they have to know is to remember this kind of material for the paper tests that they receive.</p><p></p><p>You will find that in the event that you don't have the foggiest idea how to remember this specific theme for your school piece, you will find that your understudies won't realize what to think about you. This is on the grounds that they don't have the exploration materials to back them up.</p><p></p><p>However, you ought not stop there as you should at present incorporate a lot of models and the sentence structure rules. Probably the best thing to search for is the ones that show instances of exposition models that utilization the particular subject that you are m anaging with.</p><p></p><p>Another thing to look at are the changed names for the linguistic guidelines that you are utilizing. On the off chance that you don't have a clue how to spell them, at that point you ought to invest a little energy looking at the locales that can decipher them for you.</p><p></p><p>The last note is that you ought to likewise incorporate tips for utilizing scholarly composing programming, for example, Microsoft Word or the Open Office program. These projects are incredible for a wide assortment of reasons.</p>